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| Program > Experiments |
| Programme > L'expérimentation |
| James
A. Marcum
(Baylor University) Tempering Nature: Exploring General Features of Experimental Practices in the Natural Sciences |
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During the first-half of the twentieth century, the notion of a scientific method common to the natural sciences carried considerable currency. By that century's end, however, the notion was bankrupt. In this paper, I propose a notion of a general method for experimental practices in the natural sciences. To that end, I expound upon several key concepts of this method. The first is that of scientific worldviews, in which student-scientists are instructed through textbook traditions. Those worldviews are composed of values and metaphysical assumptions, to which scientists are committed in their experimental practices, and of theories, laws, and hypotheses. The next concept is that of experimentation, which includes the design and execution, as well as such characteristics as controllability and reproducibility, of experiments. The final concept is that of the natural world, which is taken to manifest itself in terms of experimental results that are interpreted as scientific facts. Scientists then accept these facts as a representation of the natural world. There are two sequences that characterize this notion of method: from scientific worldviews to knowledge of the natural world via experimentation and from scientific facts about the natural world back to scientific worldviews. I call this notion of a general method for experimental practices 'tempering' nature, since scientists seek to understand nature by tempering or controlling it experimentally – especially by measuring or quantitating it. Scientific knowledge, then, is the product of a tempering understood as a combining of the natural world with a viewing of that world through experimental practices.
Department
of Philosophy
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